Municipal Solid Waste

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Municipal Solid Waste

450 million tons annually and growing

Both industrialized and developing nations produce vast amounts of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Among major industrialized countries, more than 450 million tons of MSW was generated annually by the mid-1990s.

In the United States, it grew 235% (!) during the last 40 years.

In America, for example, many states are passing statutes limiting how much of the MSW stream can be buried in landfills.
Costs to consumers are rising. As a result, there is a critical need for new methods and technologies to manage and convert MSW.

Three primary types of waste disposal technologies exist: incineration/gasification, chemical decomposition, and landfill burying. These technologies have substantial economic and environmental impact - including toxic ash, toxic water, and noxious air emissions. These lethal by-products are expensive to dispose of, not to mention the harm they cause to the environment.

Feedstock	Tonnage in	Diesel gallons out*1)	Feedstock t/gal per hour	Minimum Yield	Residual material out
This chart contains only estimated reference values based on 1 ton of dry mass*2). Actual results can deviate substantially, as water contents is unpredictable. Results based on a KDV500 unit as an example
Waste oil from vehicles	100 gallons	80 gallons	165 gallons	80%	10% ashes, salt
Waste organic oil (from deep-frying)	100 gallons	75 gallons	176 gallons	70%	10% ashes, salt
Plastic mixed waste	1 US ton	212 gallons	0.63t dry mass	80%	10% ashes, salt
Slaughter house waste	1 US ton	106 gallons	2.5t dry mass	40%	42% CO2 + water
Press Cake from Energy plants (canola, etc.)	1 US ton	106 gallons	2.5t dry mass	40%	47% CO2 + water
Hay, straw	1 US ton	92 gallons	3.7t dry mass	30%	57% CO2 + water +3% ashes
Wood chips	1 US ton	92 gallons	3.7t dry mass	30%	57% CO2 + water + 3% ashes
Bagasse	1 US ton	97 gallons	3.1t dry mass	35%	50% CO2 + water + 5% ashes, salts
Glycerine	100 gallons	19 gallons	695 gallons	19%	70% CO2 + water +1% ashes
Municipal Waste material*3)	1 US ton	138 gallons	1.1t dry mass	50%	unpredictable
PET bottles	1 US ton	212 gallons	0.63t dry mass	80%	10% ashes, salt
Foil (market shopping bags)	1 US ton	212 gallons	0.63t dry mass	80%	10% ashes, salt
Paper - newsprint-cardboard	1 US ton	92 gallons	3.7t dry mass	30%	57% CO2 + water +3% ashes
A given, 10% yield deducted for co-generation electric plant For example, slaughter house waste with 80% water content will provide 200 pounds of dry mass. 5 tons of raw waste is necessary to provide 1 ton of dry mass. Municipal waste is not homogenous material with diversified water contents. Assumed is an average mix of paper, plastic and other residual material and a safe yield%.
Fuel to run the unit	10% of output	13 gallons per hour	(for waste oil)
Electricity to power the 8 motors, etc	45kw x 8 = 360kw per hour
KDV 500 = needs from 0.5 to 1.8 tons of feedstock, and produces approximately 132gal, per hour

KDV 1000 = needs from 1 to 3.6 tons of feedstock, and produces approximately 264gal, per hour

KDV 2000 = needs from 2 to 7.2 tons of feedstock, and produces approximately 528gal, per hour

Following is a table with some representative feedstock and the required number of tons and gallons (if fluid) for each of the 3 standard sizes we have at the moment. The estimated operation time is 8000 hours per year.

Feedstock (tons or gallons per year)	KDV200	KDV500	KDV2000
Paper, wood, straw	5000	12500	50000
Typical MSW	2800	7000	28000
Plastic	1720	4300	17200
Slaughter house residue (fat, skin…)	3500	8750	35000
Waste oil, yellow & brown grease	1.530.000 gal	3.822.000 gal	15.300.000 gal
Glycerol (biodiesel residue)	6.880.000 gal	17.200.000 gal	68.800.000 gal